Collars in Hanfu 汉服
Hanfu (Chinese: 汉服 ; pinyin: hàn fú) also known as Hanzhuang (Chinese: 汉装 ; pinyin: hàn zhuāng) or Huafu (Chinese: 华服 ; pinyin: huá fú), is a traditional Han Chinese clothing.
Collars in Hanfu come in various forms, including jiaoling (cross collar, front overlap collar that closes on the right or left side), dui-jin, yuanling, tanling, etc.
Some forms of the collar originated in China while others have been adopted from the Hufu of other non-Han Chinese ethnic minorities and/or from clothing worn by foreigners.
Types of collars on Hanfu that are often encountered:
1. Cross collar
a. Jiaoling youren
Jiaoling youren (Chinese: 交领右衽 ; Pinyin: jiāo lǐng yòu rèn) is a cross collar that overlaps at the front and closes on the right side following the youren rule (Chinese: 右衽 ; pinyin: yòu rèn).
They can also be described as cross-collar garments that are close to the right, or y-shaped collars because the collar looks similar to the letter y of the alphabet.
Jiaoling youren began to be used during the Shang dynasty in China. This collar shape eventually became one of the main symbols of the Sino Kingdom and eventually spread throughout Asia.
Clothing that uses a jiaoling youren collar includes: jiaoling ruqun, shenyi, jiaolingpao, mianfu, pienfu, diyi, dahu, tieli, and others.
b. Jiaoling zuoren
Jiaoling zuoren (Chinese: 交领左衽 ; pinyin: jiāo lǐng zuǒ rèn) refers to a cross collar that closes on the left side, not on the right side.
They were commonly used by ethnic Non-Han Chinese in ancient China but were also adopted by Han Chinese in some circumstances, for example when they were ruled by non-Han Chinese rulers.
2. Central front collar
A collar that is parallel and straight at the front is called a dui-jin (Chinese: 对襟 ; pinyin: duì jīn).
Clothing with duijin collars can be closed in the center of the front or left open in the front.
They can be found with or without a high collar depending on the period.
Duijin can be used in clothing, such as beizi, banbi, beixin.
3. Round collar
Round collars are called yuanling (Chinese: 圆领 ; pinyin: yuán lǐng) or panling (Chinese: 盘领 ; pinyin: pán lǐng).
In ancient China, clothes with round collars were usually introduced and/or influenced by foreign ethnicities, such as Donghu, Wuhu, and foreigners from Central Asia.
Yuanling can overlap to the right or close in front in a duijin manner.
Yuanling can be used in clothing, such as yuanlingshan, yuanlingpao, panling lanshan.
4. U-shaped collar
U-shaped collar, also known as a tanling (Chinese: 袒领 ; pinyin: tǎn lǐng).
Very similar to a round collar (Chinese: 圆领 ; pinyin: yuán lǐng).
A U-shaped collar is a collar exclusive to feminine Hanfu that was particularly popular in the Tang dynasty with short outerwear and tops.
Tanling can be used in clothing, such as tanling banbi and tanling ruqun.
5. Square collar
Square collars (Chinese: 方领 ; Pinyin: fāng lǐng) are very similar to round collars, except that they are square.
This type of collar is commonly found in Ming dynasty clothing.
The shape of the collar is not too wide, and is almost always duijin and clamped at the front.
6. Cross-worn collar
Cross-worn collar (Chinese: 对穿交 ; Pinyin: duì chuān jiāo) is a parallel or straight collar that is crossed in an X shape across the front of the body. Similar to jiaoling.
This collar is usually seen on women’s clothing of the Song Dynasty and produces the appearance of a very low cross collar at the front of the body.
This collar is usually only used for the outer layer.
7. Standing collar
Liling (Chinese: 立领 ; Pinyin: lì lǐng) or stand collar is characterized by square corners, thin and high.
This collar is usually equipped with a metal button, so this type of clothing is also known as a “button jacket”.
This type of collar is often found in late Ming Dynasty clothing.
8. Diagonal collar
The diagonal collar is also known as xie jin (Chinese: 斜襟 ; Pinyin: xié jīn).
This collar slopes down diagonally from the end of the standing collar to the wearer’s right, ending at the wearer’s armpit. Attached with buttons, clasps, or ties.
This type of collar is also known as da jin (Chinese: 大襟 ; Pinyin: dà jīn).