{"id":1491,"date":"2025-04-26T01:11:30","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T17:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/?p=1491"},"modified":"2025-07-12T10:51:16","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T02:51:16","slug":"zhang-ruyings-notes-from%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%a6%86%e6%9d%9f%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%a7%e5%94%90%e5%a5%b3%e5%84%bf%e8%a1%8c%e3%80%8baccessories-middle-tang-dynasty-luoyang-women-%e6%b4%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/1491","title":{"rendered":"Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1530\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - 1\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-200x200.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Table of Contents<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#about\">About\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#middletang\">Middle Tang Dynasty: Fashion in the Eastern Capital of the Tang Dynasty<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#luoyang\">Luoyang Women (\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#restoration\">Restoration Basis of the Image<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#bobinzan\">Introduction to Jewelry: Bo Bin Zan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#xiaoshan\">Introduction to Jewelry: Stacked Mountains and the Bright and Dark Light of Gold<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 id=\"introduction\">Introduction<\/h4>\n<p>Hello!<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m \u5f20\u5112\u82f1 Zhang Ruying, and I have a deep passion for traditional Chinese fashion.<\/p>\n<p>Recently, I had the opportunity to read a book about traditional Chinese attire, especially for the Tang dynasty (618-907), written in Chinese, titled\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bby \u5de6\u4e18\u840c and \u672b\u6625. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book, and to better understand parts of it, I translated sections that I found challenging. I also made notes (written in English) along the way to help deepen my understanding.<\/p>\n<p>Now, I\u2019m thrilled to share these notes with you! I aim to help us all gain a deeper appreciation for the elegance and historical significance of traditional Chinese attire, which is so rich in history and beauty.<\/p>\n<p>All the information in these notes comes from the book \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300b.<\/p>\n<p>This is for non-commercial purposes only. All rights remain with the original copyright holders.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"about\">About\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300b<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/tag\/%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%a6%86%e6%9d%9f%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%a7%e5%94%90%e5%a5%b3%e5%84%bf%e8%a1%8c%e3%80%8b\">\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300b<\/a>(Zh\u014dng Gu\u00f3 Zhu\u0101ng Sh\u00f9: D\u00e0 T\u00e1ng N\u01da\u2019\u00e9r X\u00edng) by \u5de6\u4e18\u840c (Zu\u01d2 Qi\u016bm\u00e9ng) and \u672b\u6625 (M\u00f2 Ch\u016bn) attempts to reinterpret the true fashion of women\u2019s makeup and attire during the Tang dynasty, based on archaeological findings of Tang artifacts.<\/p>\n<p>It contrasts these findings with historical records and unearthed documents to reframe how the Tang people themselves might have viewed fashion in their time.<\/p>\n<p>The book covers from the Sui dynasty to the Five Dynasties, and is divided into four sections: Qi Luo \u7eee\u7f57 (clothing), <strong>Lin Lang \u7433\u7405 (accessories)<\/strong>, Fen Dai \u7c89\u9edb (makeup), and Ji Huan \u9afb\u9b1f (hairstyles).<\/p>\n<p>Each section carefully examines and details the names, styles, and combinations of different makeup and attire from that period.<\/p>\n<p>The book selects well-known historical figures, such as Yang Guifei, Wu Zetian, Shangguan Wan\u2019er, Nie Yinniang, Princess Tongchang, and others, based on existing archaeological findings, makes informed speculations to restore the possible makeup and attire of these figures. The book reconstructs their clothing, accessories, hairstyles, makeup, and scenes, all supported by historical sources.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1530\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - 1\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-1-200x200.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"middletang\">\u4e2d\u5510\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u4e1c\u90fd\u65f6\u5c1a<\/h4>\n<p>Middle Tang Dynasty: Fashion in the Eastern Capital of the Tang Dynasty<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1509\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1509\" style=\"width: 1092px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1509\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-a.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - a\" width=\"1092\" height=\"1639\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-a.jpg 1092w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-a-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-a-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-a-768x1153.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-a-1023x1536.jpg 1023w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1092px) 100vw, 1092px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1509\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a174<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4 id=\"luoyang\">Luoyang Women (\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50 ; lu\u00f2 y\u00e1ng n\u01da z\u01d0)<\/h4>\n<p>In 2005, an archaeological team in Luoyang excavated a tomb from the late Tang dynasty period, where a complete set of head accessories was discovered.<\/p>\n<p>Among them were jewelry pieces shaped like small birds and mountain-shaped ornaments made of gold and silver, as well as several pairs of gold-plated silver hairpins. The head of the hairpins was only gilded in the center of the flowers, flying birds, bees, butterflies, and edges, creating a delicate combination of gold and silver.<\/p>\n<p>Since no tomb inscription was found, the exact dating of this jewelry set can only be estimated based on similar jewelry discoveries from the same period, which are believed to date back to the mid-9th century during the reign of Emperor Tang Wenzong. In the Tang Eastern Capital, Luoyang, the city&#8217;s women&#8217;s jewelry also followed the fashion trends of Chang&#8217;an.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1508\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1508\" style=\"width: 1107px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1508\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-b.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - b\" width=\"1107\" height=\"1541\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-b.jpg 1107w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-b-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-b-736x1024.jpg 736w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-b-768x1069.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-b-1103x1536.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1107px) 100vw, 1107px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Various types of gilded silver hairpins unearthed from Tang tombs in Longkang Community, Luoyang (\u5b54\u96c0\u53cc\u98de\u5c0f\u5c71\u9497\u3001\u82b1\u7ef6\u7eb9\u535a\u9b13\u7c2a\u3001\u86fe\u6251\u82b1\u7eb9\u53cc\u5934\u535a\u9b13\u7c2a) \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a177<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4 id=\"restoration\">Restoration Basis of the Image<\/h4>\n<p>Since the information found is incomplete, the only way to estimate the form of women&#8217;s jewelry at that time is by referring to murals and poetry from the period. Although the jewelry set found was not entirely complete, its well-preserved condition provides an opportunity to reconstruct how it was worn.<\/p>\n<p>There were three pairs of long hairpins, which were likely arranged symmetrically in the hair. One pair of hairpins featured a headpiece shaped like two intertwining flower leaves, with gold-plated edges, and at the center, an engraved image of a moth with outstretched wings.<\/p>\n<p>Similar jewelry can also be found in the murals of Tang tombs in Hanjiaban, Xi\u2019an, as previously mentioned. From this, we can understand that this type of hairpin was closely related to women\u2019s hairstyles of the time\u2014where the upper part of the hair was first coiled into a small, mountain-shaped bun, which was then supported by a larger bun. This bun could be secured using large flower-leaf-shaped hairpins, and this styling method was known as &#8220;\u6311\u9b1f (ti\u0101o hu\u00e1n, elevate the bun).&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In Duan Chengshi\u2019s poem\u300a\u67d4\u537f\u89e3\u7c4d\u620f\u5448\u98de\u537f\u300b(r\u00f3u q\u012bng ji\u011b j\u00ed x\u00ec ch\u00e9ng f\u0113i q\u012bng), he describes Wen Tingyun\u2019s beloved, Rou Qing, with a hairstyle referred to as &#8220;\u6311\u9b1f (ti\u0101o hu\u00e1n, elevate the bun) <em>one inch high, adorned with golden birds and layered hairpins.<\/em> The arrangement of hair at the sides of the head was also closely associated with head accessories.<\/p>\n<p>In Duan Chengshi\u2019s poem\u300a\u620f\u9ad8\u4f8d\u5fa1\u300b(x\u00ec g\u0101o sh\u00ec y\u00f9), he writes, &#8220;<em>Hair seven feet long still combed into a triangular shape<\/em>,&#8221; and &#8220;<em>Both sides of the head are combed into two long layers<\/em>,&#8221; describing how the hair on both sides was parted and arranged in a unique way to form two layers resembling a triangle. This portrays the hairstyle worn by the beauty A Zhen (\u963f\u771f ; \u0100 Zh\u0113n), the beloved of Gao Shiyu (\u9ad8\u4f8d\u5fa1 ; G\u0101o Sh\u00ecy\u00f9).<\/p>\n<p>Hairstyles like &#8220;\u4e24\u91cd\u5371\u9b13 (li\u01ceng ch\u00f3ng w\u0113i b\u00ecn, Double-Layered Towering Sideburns)&#8221; required hairpins and clips for support. Therefore, the two other pairs of long hairpins found in this tomb were highly suitable for this purpose:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>One pair of hairpins with larger heads featured four intertwining ribbons on the floral section, with petal-shaped tips, which could be placed on the sides of the hair.<\/li>\n<li>The other pair had smaller heads with forked tips, decorated on both sides with fish-scale textures, curling grass patterns, and floral leaf motifs, which could be placed at the back of the hair.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Additionally, a pair of plum blossom-shaped hair clips was also discovered in the tomb. The clip legs were divided into three branches. Their function was to provide more stability to the hairstyle and could be used to secure the bun in place.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"bobinzan\">Introduction to Jewelry: Bo Bin Zan (\u535a\u9b13\u7c2a ; b\u00f3 b\u00ecn z\u0101n)<\/h5>\n<p>The golden age of large fan-shaped floral leaf hairpins occurred in the first half of the 9th century AD (800\u2013850). Due to the lack of historical records, it is difficult to determine the exact name of this type of jewelry during the Tang dynasty.<\/p>\n<p>Since its shape may have originally been a variation of the head accessories used in wedding ceremonies, known as Bo Bin (\u535a\u9b13 b\u00f3 b\u00ecn, a formal hairstyle for noblewomen \u547d\u5987 m\u00ecng f\u00f9), we temporarily refer to this type of hairpin as &#8220;Bo Bin Zan (\u535a\u9b13\u7c2a ; b\u00f3 b\u00ecn z\u0101n)&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>One example preserved in the Shaanxi History Museum consists of two Bo Bin Zan combined, adorned with small movable floral decorations. The method of wearing it was initially similar to Bo Bin, where two hairpins were placed symmetrically on both sides of a high bun, as depicted by the poet Li He (\u674e\u8d3a ; L\u01d0 H\u00e8) in his poem\u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e50\u8f9e \u00b7 \u4e8c\u6708\u300b(sh\u00ed \u00e8r yu\u00e8 l\u00e8 c\u00ed \u00b7 \u00e8r yu\u00e8):<\/p>\n<p><em>\u91d1\u7fc5\u5ce8\u9afb\u6101\u66ae\u4e91 (j\u012bn ch\u00ec \u00e9 j\u00ec ch\u00f3u m\u00f9 y\u00fan)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>The golden wings and towering hairpin sorrowfully face the evening clouds.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1507\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1507\" style=\"width: 343px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-c.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1507\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-c.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - c\" width=\"343\" height=\"608\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-c.jpg 343w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-c-169x300.jpg 169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1507\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bo Bin Zan \u535a\u9b13\u7c2a (Collection of Shaanxi History Museum) \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a179<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1506\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1506\" style=\"width: 672px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-d.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1506\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-d.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - d\" width=\"672\" height=\"427\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-d.jpg 672w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-d-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1506\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silver hairpin unearthed in Lianhu District, western suburbs of Xi&#8217;an \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a179<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1505\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1505\" style=\"width: 363px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-e.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1505\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-e.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - e\" width=\"363\" height=\"631\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-e.jpg 363w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-e-173x300.jpg 173w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1505\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gilded silver hairpin \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a179<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1504\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1504\" style=\"width: 685px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-f.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1504\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-f.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - f\" width=\"685\" height=\"446\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-f.jpg 685w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-f-300x195.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 685px) 100vw, 685px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gilded silver hairpin unearthed from a Tang dynasty tomb in Ziweitianyuan \u7d2b\u8587\u7530\u56ed, Xi\u2019an \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a179<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Without the strict constraints of ritual systems, the design of this type of hairpin began to evolve more freely.<\/p>\n<p>For example, a hairpin found in Lianhu District, northwest of Xi\u2019an, had a more refined and curved head, shaped like an open floral leaf. The central motif depicted curling plants with a phoenix soaring with outstretched wings. This hairpin design further evolved by adding two leaves or petals to the head, forming two intertwined sections. Two pairs of hairpins discovered in Tang tombs in Longkang, Luoyang, and Zhiwei Tianyuan, Xi\u2019an, illustrate this development.<\/p>\n<p>Besides the traditional method of placing hairpins in pairs on both sides of the hair, another way of wearing them involved inserting a single hairpin upright at the top of the head to &#8220;elevate the bun (\u6311\u9b1f ; ti\u0101o hu\u00e1n)&#8221;. This dramatic style, similar to exaggerated hairstyles, wide sleeves, and long flowing skirts, began to fade after the government issued luxury restriction laws. As a result, later hairpin designs became narrower, as seen in a gold and silver hairpin found in the tomb of a woman from the Han family in Tang Changli, dating back to the sixth year of the Dazhong era (852) in Shaanxi. This hairpin had a hexagonal pattern with two small birds flying above it.<\/p>\n<p>A hairpin discovered in a Tang tomb in Huxian, Shaanxi, had a similar design, with a more delicate and finely carved head. The outer edge featured flowing cloud motifs, while the center was decorated with scrolling plant patterns or ocean waves. One hairpin depicted a child pulling a colorful rooster, while the other showed a child pulling a lucky cloud. Over time, hairpin designs became progressively narrower, and the fan-shaped element eventually disappeared.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, a pair of silver hairpins with sea goat motifs found in Xi\u2019an demonstrated that, although the design was smaller and simpler, it still retained elements of the larger Bo Bin hairpins from earlier periods.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1503\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1503\" style=\"width: 473px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-g.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-g.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - g\" width=\"473\" height=\"724\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-g.jpg 473w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-g-196x300.jpg 196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1503\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Capricorn pattern silver hairpin \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a180<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1502\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1502\" style=\"width: 739px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-h.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-h.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - h\" width=\"739\" height=\"413\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-h.jpg 739w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-h-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 739px) 100vw, 739px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silver-gilt hairpin unearthed from a Tang tomb in Huxian County \u6237\u53bf, Shaanxi \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a180<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5 id=\"xiaoshan\">Introduction to Jewelry: Stacked Mountains and the Bright and Dark Light of Gold \u5c0f\u5c71\u91cd\u53e0\u91d1\u660e\u706d (xi\u01ceo sh\u0101n ch\u00f3ng di\u00e9 j\u012bn m\u00edng mi\u00e8)<\/h5>\n<p><em>\u5c0f\u5c71\u91cd\u53e0\u91d1\u660e\u706d\uff0c\u9b13\u4e91\u6b32\u5ea6\u9999\u816e\u96ea\u3002<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u61d2\u8d77\u753b\u86fe\u7709\uff0c\u5f04\u5986\u68b3\u6d17\u8fdf\u3002<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u7167\u82b1\u524d\u540e\u955c\uff0c\u82b1\u9762\u4ea4\u76f8\u6620\u3002<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u65b0\u5e16\u7ee3\u7f57\u8966\uff0c\u53cc\u53cc\u91d1\u9e67\u9e2a\u3002<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2014\u2014\u2014\uff08\u5510\uff09\u6e29\u5ead\u7b60\u300a\u83e9\u8428\u86ee\u300b<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Stacked with small mountains and bright and dark golden light, side clouds want to pass by fragrant cheeks like snow.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Feeling shy to rise and paint butterfly-like brows, slowing down time to apply makeup and comb the hair.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Looking at oneself in the mirror, front and back filled with flowers, floral faces reflecting one another.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>A brand-new set of orange silk, a pair of intertwined golden perdix birds.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2014 (Tang) Wen Tingyun, \u300a\u83e9\u8428\u86ee\u300b<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In Wen Tingyun\u2019s \u300a\u83e9\u8428\u86ee\u300b(p\u00fa s\u00e0 m\u00e1n), the first line \u5c0f\u5c71\u91cd\u53e0\u91d1\u660e\u706d (xi\u01ceo sh\u0101n ch\u00f3ng di\u00e9 j\u012bn m\u00edng mi\u00e8, Stacked small mountains and bright and dark golden light) has sparked much debate over the meaning of &#8220;\u5c0f\u5c71 (small mountains)&#8221;, with three prevailing interpretations:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Some suggest it refers to \u5c4f\u5c71 (p\u00edng sh\u0101n, screen mountain), a decorative partition placed at the head of the bed, painted with golden mountain and river landscapes.<\/li>\n<li>Others believe it means \u5c71\u6795 (sh\u0101n zh\u011bn, mountain pillow), a pillow shaped with high and low elevations resembling mountains, adorned with gold.<\/li>\n<li>The third interpretation connects it to \u7709\u989d (m\u00e9i \u00e9, brows and forehead), where &#8220;mountain&#8221; symbolizes distant-shaped eyebrows and golden floral forehead ornaments.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>However, the \u5c4f\u5c71 (screen mountain) and \u5c71\u6795 (mountain pillow) interpretations describe household furnishings, which are external objects unrelated to the following descriptions of women\u2019s hairstyling and makeup. On the other hand, &#8220;mountain brows&#8221; aligns with the next phrase \u201c\u61d2\u8d77\u753b\u86fe\u7709 (l\u01cen q\u01d0 hu\u00e0 \u00e9 m\u00e9i, lazily rising to paint butterfly brows)&#8221;. Yet, all three explanations present difficulties in full justification.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Shen Congwen (\u6c88\u4ece\u6587 ; Sh\u011bn C\u00f3ngw\u00e9n), in his book\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u670d\u9970\u7814\u7a76\u300b(zh\u014dng gu\u00f3 g\u01d4 d\u00e0i f\u00fa sh\u00ec y\u00e1n ji\u016b), proposed that Tang dynasty women often placed multiple small combs in their hair buns, with the crescent-shaped backs of these combs forming a decorative element. Sometimes, they would use more than ten combs. The phrase &#8220;\u5c0f\u5c71\u91cd\u53e0\u91d1\u660e\u706d (Stacked small mountains, gold flickering bright and dim)&#8221; likely describes the overlapping golden combs shimmering in a woman\u2019s hair.<\/p>\n<p>When linked to the hairstyling and makeup trends of Tang women, this interpretation fits well. A similar image appears in the poem\u300a\u897f\u5ddd\u5ea7\u4e0a\u542c\u91d1\u4e94\u4e91\u5531\u6b4c\u300b(x\u012b chu\u0101n zu\u00f2 sh\u00e0ng t\u012bng j\u012bn w\u01d4 y\u00fan ch\u00e0ng g\u0113) by Chen Tao (\u9648\u9676 ; Ch\u00e9n T\u00e1o), depicting the elaborate adornment of the female singer Jin Wuyun (\u91d1\u4e94\u4e91 ; J\u012bn W\u01d4y\u00fan):<\/p>\n<p><em>\u4f4e\u4e1b\u5c0f\u9b13\u817b\u4c00\u9b0c\uff0c\u78a7\u7259\u9542\u638c\u5c71\u53c2\u5dee\u3002<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Low shrubs and small sideburns, delicately combed, with green teeth carving the mountain\u2019s uneven ridges.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Women placed combs among their hair, with the back of the comb being the focal point of decoration. The Tang people referred to this part as &#8220;\u638c (zh\u01ceng).&#8221; In the text\u300a\u6742\u96c6\u65f6\u7528\u8981\u5b57\u300b(z\u00e1 j\u00ed sh\u00ed y\u00f2ng y\u00e0o z\u00ec) found in the Dunhuang Sutra Storage Cave, there is a record of Tang women&#8217;s ornaments listing three types of combs\u2014\u94bf\u638c, \u6708\u638c, and \u7259\u68b3\u82b1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;\u94bf\u638c di\u00e0n zh\u01ceng&#8221; refers to a comb with a back decorated with gemstone inlays.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u6708\u638c yu\u00e8 zh\u01ceng&#8221; refers to a comb with a crescent-shaped back.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;\u7259\u68b3\u82b1 y\u00e1 sh\u016b hu\u0101&#8221; refers to a comb made from bone or ivory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the tombs of noblewomen, gold combs and bone combs decorated with gold were often found, such as those discovered in the tomb of Heruo shi (\u8d3a\u82e5\u6c0f ; H\u00e8ru\u00f2 sh\u00ec), the wife of Dugu Luo (\u72ec\u5b64\u7f57 ; D\u00fag\u016b Lu\u00f3), during the transition period between the Sui and Tang dynasties.<\/p>\n<p>In her tomb, a golden basket-shaped comb was found, adorned with two quails playing on a lotus flower, with the back of the comb decorated with gold embellishments. (The lower part was originally adorned with comb teeth made of carved ivory.)<\/p>\n<p>In the Tang tomb at Qingtuiwan (\u9752\u5634\u6e7e ; q\u012bng zu\u01d0 w\u0101n), Nanying (\u5357\u8425 ; n\u00e1n y\u00edng), Wuwei (\u6b66\u5a01 ; w\u01d4 w\u0113i), Gansu (\u7518\u8083 ; g\u0101n s\u00f9), a bone comb was discovered, fully carved, with its back decorated with gold and silver ornaments in the shape of flower branches, flying butterflies, and fruits. Its owner was Madam Wu (\u6b66\u6c0f ; W\u01d4 sh\u00ec), the wife of Murong Xiguang (\u6155\u5bb9\u66e6\u5149 ; M\u00f9r\u00f3ng X\u012bgu\u0101ng), a member of the Tuyuhun (\u5410\u8c37\u6d51 ; T\u01d4y\u00f9h\u00fan) royal family, who married during the early Tang dynasty.<\/p>\n<p>In Xi\u2019an, within the gold and silver treasure hoard at Hejiacun (\u4f55\u5bb6\u6751 ; H\u00e9ji\u0101c\u016bn), a gold comb back was found, shaped like a crescent moon and decorated with gold filigree and gold beads, forming intricate patterns of grapevines and flowers.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1501\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1501\" style=\"width: 390px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-i.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1501\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-i.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - i\" width=\"390\" height=\"714\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-i.jpg 390w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-i-164x300.jpg 164w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1501\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women with hair combs in the heyday of Tang dynasty (The author of this book extracted it from rubbings) \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a182<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1500\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1500\" style=\"width: 997px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-j.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-j.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - j\" width=\"997\" height=\"473\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-j.jpg 997w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-j-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-j-768x364.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gold comb \u91d1\u68b3\u80cc unearthed from the tomb of Heruo shi \u8d3a\u82e5\u6c0f in the early Tang dynasty (front and back) \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a182<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1499\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1499\" style=\"width: 1003px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-k.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-k.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - k\" width=\"1003\" height=\"360\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-k.jpg 1003w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-k-300x108.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-k-768x276.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1499\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inlaid comb \u5d4c\u87ba\u94bf\u7259\u68b3 unearthed from the tomb of Lady Wu of Taiyuan County \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a182<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>During the Tianbao era of the Tang dynasty, noblewomen popularized wearing wide combs tilted at the back of their heads. For example, on the stone carvings in the tomb of Emperor Rang of Tang (\u5510\u8ba9\u7687\u5e1d ; T\u00e1ng R\u00e0ng Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec), Li Xian (\u674e\u5baa ; L\u01d0 Xi\u00e0n), there are depictions of female officials with small pearl-adorned combs positioned at the back of their heads.<\/p>\n<p>After the middle Tang period, the popular trend shifted to placing one or multiple pairs of small combs in front of the bun.<\/p>\n<p>In the Tang painting titled\u300a\u6325\u6247\u4ed5\u5973\u56fe\u300b(hu\u012b sh\u00e0n sh\u00ec n\u01da t\u00fa), a woman is depicted placing a comb in front of her bun. This type of comb has also been found in archaeological discoveries, such as in the Tang tomb at Sanzhao Village (\u4e09\u5146\u6751 ; S\u0101nzh\u00e0o c\u016bn), Qujiang (\u66f2\u6c5f\u4e61 ; Q\u016bji\u0101ng xi\u0101ng), Yanta District (\u96c1\u5854\u533a ; Y\u00e0nt\u01ce q\u016b), Xi\u2019an, and in the Tang tomb at Caojiabao (\u66f9\u5bb6\u5821 ; C\u00e1oji\u0101b\u01ceo), west of Xi\u2019an. These sites contained gold combs featuring mandarin ducks playing among flowers. Based on the patterns on the comb backs, one comb was positioned upright, while the other was placed in reverse.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1498\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1498\" style=\"width: 1023px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-l.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1498\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-l.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - l\" width=\"1023\" height=\"303\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-l.jpg 1023w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-l-300x89.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-l-768x227.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gold comb \u91d1\u68b3\u80cc unearthed from a Tang dynasty cellar in Hejiacun \u4f55\u5bb6\u6751, Xi&#8217;an \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a183<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1497\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1497\" style=\"width: 381px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-m.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1497\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-m.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - m\" width=\"381\" height=\"669\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-m.jpg 381w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-m-171x300.jpg 171w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1497\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women with hair combs in the middle Tang dynasty (Part of the Tang dynasty painting\u300a\u6325\u6247\u4ed5\u5973\u56fe\u300b) \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a183<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1496\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1496\" style=\"width: 691px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1496\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-n.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - n\" width=\"691\" height=\"718\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-n.jpg 691w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-n-289x300.jpg 289w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1496\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden comb \u91d1\u68b3\u80cc \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a183<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the early 9th century, as high, conical buns became popular, women began arranging rows of small combs atop their buns. For example, in the murals of Zhao Yi Gong&#8217;s (\u8d75\u9038\u516c ; Zh\u00e0o Y\u00ecg\u014dng) tomb in Anyang, Henan, dating to the third year of the Taihe era (829) under Emperor Tang Wenzong, women are depicted wearing this hairstyle.<\/p>\n<p>In the Tang tomb of Tai Fu Ren from the State of Qi (\u9f50\u56fd\u592a\u592b\u4eba ; Q\u00edgu\u00f3 t\u00e0if\u016br\u00e9n), located in Yaling, Yangyichuan, a set of comb backs made of white jade, crystal, and amber was discovered, featuring extremely delicate patterns.<\/p>\n<p>The bottom of these comb backs was flat and had joints, likely meant for attaching wooden comb teeth. This tomb dates to the fourth year of the Changqing era (824) under Emperor Tang Wenzong, making this a direct example of combs used in hairstyles of that period.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1495\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1495\" style=\"width: 1081px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-o.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1495\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-o.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - o\" width=\"1081\" height=\"1063\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-o.jpg 1081w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-o-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-o-1024x1007.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-o-768x755.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1081px) 100vw, 1081px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1495\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Various types of combs unearthed from the tomb of the Lady of Qi \u9f50\u56fd\u592a\u592b\u4eba \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a184<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Aside from attached combs, another type of ornament shaped like cloud tops or small mountains became popular in the late Tang period. These accessories likely evolved from attached combs, but they eventually eliminated the comb teeth, serving only as decorations. Their construction was lighter and thinner than combs, allowing them to be suspended in the center of a bun using hairpins (Zan\/Chai \u7c2a\u9497).<\/p>\n<p>In the reconstructed images of this section, there is a group of ornaments from a later period compared to the combs mentioned earlier. Among them, two small mountain-shaped ornaments covered in gold and silver could be stacked at the front and back of a mountain-shaped bun\u2014a popular style during the writing of\u300a\u83e9\u8428\u86ee\u300b. The contrast between black hair and gold mountain-shaped ornaments with openwork carving created a visual effect matching the description &#8220;\u91d1\u660e\u706d (bright and dark golden light)&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>In the Tang tomb at Xingyuan (\u674f\u56ed ; X\u00ecngyu\u00e1n), Yanshi (\u5043\u5e08 ; Y\u01censh\u012b), Henan, a silver ornament was found, crafted from extremely thin silver sheets, intricately carved, and gold-plated. Its design features a small central flower, flanked by two long, curved intertwining leaves.<\/p>\n<p>A similar ornament was discovered in the Tang tomb at Huangdigang (\u7687\u5e1d\u5c97 ; Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ecg\u01ceng), Guangzhou, but this one had scattered leaves with three blooming lilies on top.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1494\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1494\" style=\"width: 370px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-p.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1494\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-p.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - p\" width=\"370\" height=\"753\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-p.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-p-147x300.jpg 147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small mountain-shaped gilded silver ornament unearthed from a Tang tomb in Longkang Community \u9f99\u5eb7\u5c0f\u533a, Luoyang \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a185<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1493\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1493\" style=\"width: 643px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-q.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1493\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-q.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - q\" width=\"643\" height=\"418\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-q.jpg 643w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-q-300x195.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1493\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small mountain-shaped ornaments unearthed from a late Tang tomb at Huangdigang \u7687\u5e1d\u5c97, Guangzhou \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a185<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1492\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1492\" style=\"width: 886px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-r.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1492\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-r.jpg\" alt=\"Zhang Ruying - Zhang Ruying\u2019s Notes: From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories (Middle Tang Dynasty, Luoyang Women \u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50) - r\" width=\"886\" height=\"363\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-r.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-r-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/zhangruying-Zhang-Ruyings-Notes-From\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300bAccessories-Middle-Tang-Dynasty-Luoyang-Women-\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50-r-768x315.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 886px) 100vw, 886px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1492\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small mountain-shaped ornaments unearthed from the Tang dynasty tomb in Xingyuan \u674f\u56ed, Yanshi \u5043\u5e08 \u2014 \u5de6\u4e18\u840c \/ \u672b\u6625 . \u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c . \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\uff1a185<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>And there you have it\u2014<\/h4>\n<p>I hope these notes have been insightful and encourage you to dive deeper into the world of traditional Chinese fashion, particularly from the Tang dynasty. If you come across any incorrect word \/ translation, or you have suggestions for improvement, please don\u2019t hesitate to reach out to me via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/contact\">email<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Thank you so much for your time, and I\u2019ll do my best to keep these updated for the next part. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/category\/zhang-ruyings-notes\">#ZhangRuying\u2019sNotes<\/a><\/p>\n<p>See you in the next notes. And thank you \u8c22\u8c22!<\/p>\n<p>\u5f20\u5112\u82f1 Zhang Ruying<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Introduction About\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5986\u675f\uff1a\u5927\u5510\u5973\u513f\u884c\u300b Middle Tang Dynasty: Fashion in the Eastern Capital of the Tang Dynasty Luoyang Women (\u6d1b\u9633\u5973\u5b50)&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":1530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,1006],"tags":[1001,22,26,1060,1016,619,1031,122,1000,1004,1005,1061],"class_list":["post-1491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-traditional-chinese-fashion","category-zhang-ruyings-notes","tag-1001","tag-chinese-accessories","tag-hanfu-accessories","tag-luoyang-women","tag-middle-tang-dynasty","tag-tang-dynasty","tag-tang-dynasty-accessories","tag-tang-dynasty-headwear","tag-zhang-ruyings-notes","tag-1004","tag-1005","tag-1061"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1491"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1491\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zhangruying.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}